Mean Mixolimnion Temperature (MMT) of Ongeim'l Tketau, Palau.
MMT is correlated with sea-surface temperatures, three months later, in the Niño 3.4 region of the Pacific (Martin et al. 2005). If this relationship is maintained in the long-term, MMT may be useful for predicting El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. Temperatures in °C.
|
YEAR
|
MONTH
|
|||||||||||
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
|
|
1999
|
31.6
|
31.7
|
32.0
|
32.5
|
32.1
|
31.7
|
32.4
|
32.0
|
33.2
|
32.8
|
32.6
|
31.4
|
|
2000
|
31.5
|
31.5
|
31.6
|
32.0
|
32.2
|
31.9
|
31.7
|
31.4
|
32.2
|
32.1
|
31.5
|
31.6
|
|
2001
|
31.7
|
30.7
|
30.6
|
31.1
|
31.7
|
31.4
|
31.4
|
30.5
|
31.3
|
31.4
|
31.3
|
30.7
|
|
2002
|
30.4
|
30.3
|
30.4
|
30.9
|
31.2
|
31.0
|
30.5
|
29.5
|
29.8
|
30.4
|
31.3
|
30.9
|
|
2003
|
29.8
|
29.8
|
30.5
|
31.0
|
31.0
|
30.5
|
30.8
|
30.8
|
30.7
|
31.1
|
31.1
|
30.7
|
|
2004
|
30.0
|
30.7*
|
30.3*
|
30.5*
|
30.8*
|
30.4
|
30.9*
|
30.3
|
30.8
|
30.1
|
31.2
|
31.1
|
|
2005
|
30.0
|
29.4
|
30.4
|
30.4
|
30.7
|
31.3
|
31.6
|
31.1
|
30.6
|
31.7
|
31.7
|
31.9
|
|
2006
|
31.7
|
31.3
|
30.7
|
30.8
|
31.0
|
31.4
|
30.6
|
30.3
|
31.1
|
30.6
|
31.0
|
31.0
|
|
2007
|
30.3
|
|||||||||||
Notes:
* MMT estimated from regression: For February-May and July 2004, MMT was estimated from HOBO thermograph data, recorded at 30 minute intervals at 6 m and 11 m, averaged for one 24-hour period per month near the middle of each month to replicate the Dec-Jan 2004 sampling regime. Mean 24 hour temperatures for 6 m and 11 m meters (T °C) were converted to MMT using a regression equation relating manually collected MMT to the temperature averaged for 6 m and 11 m for the 24 hour period coinciding with each sample date over the period April 2002-January 2004 (MMT = -3167 + 1.0075*T; r=0.98).
1. MMT 15-Oct-1998: 31.2 °C.
2. Measurement: Monthly from December 1998 to January 2004 and in June and August 2004 to present, we recorded water temperatures in OngeimÕl Tketau (OTM) at 1m intervals from 0 to 24m at two sites with hand-held YSI 85 or Hydrolab Quanta meter. The mean mixolimnion temperature (MMT) for each sample date is the average of the mean temperature for each 1m depth interval (n=2 per depth) over the depth of the mixolimnion (0-12m, n=13; defined as the depth range of the upper mixed layer over which trends in lake physical properties are congruent). Values based on an alternative definition (0-13 m) which were previously posted on this site, can be found here; differences are attributable to rounding error.
3. Updated monthly, during the middle of each month.
4. Martin, L.E., M.N Dawson, L.J. Bell, & P.L. Colin. 2005. Marine lake ecosystem dynamics illustrate ENSO variation in the tropical western Pacific. Biol. Lett. 2:144-147.
Links: